Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• providing new and innovative medical solutions. About 1300 nanomaterials are currently available worldwide, with TiO2 being the second most abundantly used material in our day-to-day life. Advancement in nanotechnology has resulted in the fabrication of different forms of TiO2 nanostructures, such as

• cells containing TiO2 nps undergo oxidative degeneration upon light irradiation under the influence of generated ROS and, therefore, these nps are considered as a potent photosensitizer in anticancer photodynamic therapy and the photodynamic inactivation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria [15]. TiO2

• nanostructures such as nanotubes and nanowires have been utilized in photoelectrochemical sensing for the rapid and precise identification of biological analytes at low concentrations, useful for clinical diagnosis. These nanostructures have been employed for sensing humidity, oxygen, and hydrogen, inclusive of

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

Unravelling the interfacial interaction in mesoporous SiO₂@nickel phyllosilicate/TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures for photocatalytic activity

• Bridget K. Mutuma,
• Xiluva Mathebula,
• Isaac Nongwe,
• Bonakele P. Mtolo,
• Boitumelo J. Matsoso,
• Rudolph Erasmus,
• Zikhona Tetana and
• Neil J. Coville

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1834–1846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.165

• were used as photocatalysts for the degradation of methyl violet dye and the degradation efficiencies were found to be 72% and 99% for the mSiO2@NiPS and the mSiO2@NiPS/TiO2 nanostructures, respectively. Furthermore, a recyclability test revealed good stability and recyclability of the mSiO2@NiPS/TiO2

• consistent with the presence of Ti4+ surface states in Ni2+-doped TiO2 nanomaterials [66]. Photocatalytic activity As a proof of concept, photocatalytic studies were carried out using the mSiO2@NiPS and mSiO2@NiPS/TiO2 nanostructures. TiO2, mSiO2@NiPS, and mSiO2@NiPS/TiO2 were tested for the degradation of

• 2p, (c) O 1s, and (d) Ti 2p. (a) The photocatalytic degradation of MV solution and (b) recyclability test for TiO2, mSiO2@NiPS, and mSiO2@NiPS/TiO2 nanostructures. Proposed charge-transfer mechanism in mSiO2@NiPS and mSiO2@NiPS/TiO2 nanostructures under UV light illumination. Surface area data of the

Highly sensitive detection of estradiol by a SERS sensor based on TiO₂ covered with gold nanoparticles

• Andrea Brognara,
• Ili F. Mohamad Ali Nasri,
• Beatrice R. Bricchi,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay,
• Matteo Ghidelli and
• Nathalie Lidgi-Guigui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1026–1035, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.87

• (SERS); TiO2 nanostructures; Introduction Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) as a sensing tool requires the optimization of a surface and its functionalization. The surface should provide a good enhancement over a large range of wavelengths, to detect molecules with various fingerprints, while it

Effect of Ag loading position on the photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ nanocolumn arrays

• Jinghan Xu,
• Yanqi Liu and
• Yan Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 717–728, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.59

• preparation of 1D TiO2 nanostructures is mainly performed by using anodization [17], hydrothermal [18] and template [19] methods. Meanwhile, the most common methods for the combination with precious metals are chemical deposition [20] and physical deposition [21]. The development of anodized aluminum oxide

Fabrication of Ag-modified hollow titania spheres via controlled silver diffusion in Ag–TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures

• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Bogusław Budner,
• Marta Michalska-Domańska,
• Krzysztof Kopczyński and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 141–146, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.12

• structures are shown in Figure 1 (down left) and in Figure 2A. Interestingly, further thermal modification of these fabricated Ag@TiO2 CSNs yields unexpected results. Annealing of Ag@TiO2 nanostructures in a muffle furnace results in Ag diffusion from the silver core into the titania shell. As a result, the

• CSNs. This is likely due to much lower reactivity of Au compared to Ag. Ag–TiO2 nanostructures at an intermediate and the final stage of thermal modification are shown in SEM images in Figure 1 and Figure 2B–E. The SEM images in Figure 1 clearly indicate the titania shell, the Ag core and products of

• annealed for a sufficiently long time the Ag–TiO2 nanostructures shown in Figure 1 (bottom right) and Figure 2E are formed. These nanostructures are empty inside as indicated by a darker region of low average atomic number in the middle of the particles. They also have a high number of small AgNPs (much

Novel hollow titanium dioxide nanospheres with antimicrobial activity against resistant bacteria

• Carol López de Dicastillo,
• Cristian Patiño,
• María José Galotto,
• Yesseny Vásquez-Martínez,
• Claudia Torrent,
• Daniela Alburquenque,
• Alejandro Pereira and
• Juan Escrig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1716–1725, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.167

• to understand their effect on the antimicrobial activity of TiO2 nanostructures against S. aureus MRSA 97-7. The results shown in Table 2 validated that the antibacterial effect of CSTiO2 can be greatly increased due to the photocatalytic activity of these NPs in suspension. The antimicrobial

Advanced scanning probe lithography using anatase-to-rutile transition to create localized TiO₂ nanorods

• Julian Kalb,
• Vanessa Knittel and
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 412–418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.40

• electron-beam lithography and similar methods providing a position-controlled growth of semiconducting TiO2 nanostructures. Advantages and disadvantages of the scratching method As demonstrated in Figure 2, the nanorod structures obtained with scanning probe and electron-beam lithography are equal. This

• nanocrystals and provide the growth of rutile TiO2 nanorods in well-defined areas. Due to the small tip radius, the resolution of this method is excellent and the method is quite inexpensive compared to electron-beam lithography and similar methods providing a position-controlled growth of semiconducting TiO2

• nanostructures. Keywords: hydrothermal crystal growth; lithography; nanostructures; seed crystals; surface processes; oxides; Introduction Rutile TiO2 is a chemically stable semiconductor with a band gap of 3.1 eV [1]. Dependent on the kind of nanostructure and doping, it has outstanding electronic and

Impact of the anodization time on the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ nanotubes

• Jesús A. Díaz-Real,
• Geyla C. Dubed-Bandomo,
• Juan Galindo-de-la-Rosa,
• Luis G. Arriaga,
• Janet Ledesma-García and
• Nicolas Alonso-Vante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2628–2643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.244

• concentration of surface hydroxy groups is generally observed in doped TiO2 nanostructures, and these are indicated through the asymmetry of the O 1s spectra [32][36]. Ti–OH groups act as electron traps that not only improve the separation efficiency for electron–hole pairs, but also improve the generation of

Localized photodeposition of catalysts using nanophotonic resonances in silicon photocathodes

• Evgenia Kontoleta,
• Sven H. C. Askes,
• Lai-Hung Lai and
• Erik C. Garnett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2097–2105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.198

• (Figure S3, Supporting Information File 1) to verify their quality. Both the XRD pattern and optical constants (n and k values) matched the literature values for thin anatase TiO2 films [42]. The photocarrier density distribution under monochromatic illumination (532 or 638 nm) in the Si–TiO2

• nanostructures was simulated using the FDTD method. It was assumed that every absorbed photon was converted to an electron–hole pair and only the optical effects were taken into account in the simulations. The dimensions of the average silicon nanostructures extracted from SEM images were used for the

Controllable one-pot synthesis of uniform colloidal TiO₂ particles in a mixed solvent solution for photocatalysis

• Jong Tae Moon,
• Seung Ki Lee and
• Ji Bong Joo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1715–1727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.163

• preparing colloidal nanostructures and many colloidal TiO2 porous particles have been demonstrated [13][15][26]. Among the various colloidal TiO2 nanostructures, there has been increasing interest in uniform, colloidal TiO2 spheres due to their advantageous characteristics including facile functionalization

Fabrication of hierarchically porous TiO₂ nanofibers by microemulsion electrospinning and their application as anode material for lithium-ion batteries

• Jin Zhang,
• Yibing Cai,
• Xuebin Hou,
• Xiaofei Song,
• Pengfei Lv,
• Huimin Zhou and
• Qufu Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1297–1306, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.131

• cycles at the current density of 40 mA·g−1. Comparison of cycling performance (a), coulombic efficiency (b) and rate capability (c) of sample A2 and solid TiO2 nanofibers. Comparison of electrochemical performances of different TiO2 nanostructures. Supporting Information The Supporting Information

Nanostructured TiO₂-based gas sensors with enhanced sensitivity to reducing gases

• Wojciech Maziarz,
• Anna Kusior and
• Anita Trenczek-Zajac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1718–1726, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.164

• obtain flower-like TiO2 nanostructures. To improve crystallization, the nanostructured layers were annealed at 450 °C in argon for 3 h. (C) NS1 – a soft chemistry route was used to synthesize SnO2 nanoparticles [39]. Flower-like TiO2 was immersed in a solution composed of sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 10 mM

• TiO2-based nanostructures are presented in Figure 3. According to the side-view image (Figure 3b) and the previous analysis [27][28][39][40], the cross-section of flower-like TiO2 nanostructures reveals a compact layer, sponge-like form, and nanoflowers on top of the structure. The flower-like objects

• sensitive layered sensor to the CO(CH3)2 extremely sensitive flower-like sensor. According to our previous experience in the field of photo-electrochemical properties, the creation of a SnO2–TiO2 heterojunction, whether in the form of SnO2 nanoparticles deposited on the flower-like TiO2 nanostructures

Inorganic Janus particles for biomedical applications

• Isabel Schick,
• Steffen Lorenz,
• Dominik Gehrig,
• Stefan Tenzer,
• Wiebke Storck,
• Karl Fischer,
• Dennis Strand,
• Frédéric Laquai and
• Wolfgang Tremel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2346–2362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.244

• to the optical transitions in amorphous TiO2 leading to enhanced optical absorption and, thus, generation of electron–hole pairs for photocatalysis (Figure 6a,b) [50]. Furthermore, plasmonic dye-sensitized solar cells based on Au@TiO2 nanostructures show remarkably enhanced power conversion

• d) embedding of the final hybrid particle at the interface in a PS-PMMA blend. Reprinted with permission from [34]. Copyright 2013 Elsevier. a) Proposed photocatalytic process for efficient hydrogen generation using the Janus Au@TiO2 nanostructures, based on excitation of the LSPR under visible

• -light irradiation [50]. b) Volume of hydrogen generated (VH2) under visible-light irradiation from a tungsten halogen lamp using Janus and core-shell Au50nm@TiO2 nanostructures, as well as amorphous TiO2 and bare gold particles [50]. c) Schematic illustration of plasmonic dye-sensitized solar cells

Nanostructure sensitization of transition metal oxides for visible-light photocatalysis

• Hongjun Chen and
• Lianzhou Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 696–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.82

• photocatalytic ability. For example, Zhang and co-workers have recently reported on the synergistic effect of CdSe quantum dot sensitization and N doping of TiO2 nanostructures for photoelectrochemical water splitting [39]. In this report, it has been found that the photocurrent density of CdSe/N-TiO2 is much

Dye-sensitized Pt@TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures for the efficient photocatalytic generation of hydrogen

• Jun Fang,
• Lisha Yin,
• Shaowen Cao,
• Yusen Liao and
• Can Xue

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 360–364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.41

• (Figure S1, Supporting Information File 1). The core–shell morphology of the prepared Pt@TiO2 nanostructures was confirmed by TEM and SEM examination. As shown in Figure 2A and 2B, the core–shell particles appear as flower-like structures, in which the Pt nanoparticles as the cores show an average

Quantum size effects in TiO₂ thin films grown by atomic layer deposition

• Massimo Tallarida,
• Chittaranjan Das and
• Dieter Schmeisser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 77–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.7

• properties. Although the detailed interpretation of XAS measurements is very complex and not yet completely achieved, it was shown that rutile, anatase and amorphous TiO2 films, as well as quantum-confined TiO2 nanostructures exhibit distinct features at both the O-K and the TM-L2,3 edges [10][14][15]. Here

Challenges in realizing ultraflat materials surfaces

• Takashi Yatsui,
• Wataru Nomura,
• Fabrice Stehlin,
• Olivier Soppera,
• Makoto Naruse and
• Motoichi Ohtsu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 875–885, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.99

• involved the fabrication of a nanostripe pattern on TiO2. Direct ArF-laser photopatterning was followed by the application of a sol–gel negative tone photoresist to produce TiO2 nanostructures by using deep-UV (DUV) direct-write imaging [42][43]. Figure 4c and Figure 4f show representative AFM images taken

Nanostructure-directed chemical sensing: The IHSAB principle and the dynamics of acid/base-interface interaction

• James L. Gole and
• William Laminack

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 20–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.3

• , upon exposure to 2–10 and 20 ppm of NH3, to that for the interface treated with a deposition of “acidic” TiO2 nanostructures, and this same interface where the deposited nanostructures have been converted from TiO2 to the more basic TiO2−xNx. A considerably longer time is required for the conversion of